Ethyl Formate

Product Name:

Ethyl formate

Synonyms:

mrowczanetylu;mrowczanetylu(polish);ETHYL FORMATE NATURAL;ETHYL FORMATE 97+% FCC;ETHYL FORMATE, STANDARD FOR GC;ETHYL FORMATE REAGENT GRADE 97%;EthylFormateForSynthesis;Ethyl formate (technical)

CAS:

109-94-4

MF:

C3H6O2

MW:

74.08

EINECS:

203-721-0

Product Categories:

Organics;Analytical Chemistry;Organic synthesis;Solvents for HPLC & Spectrophotometry;Solvents for Spectrophotometry

Mol File:

109-94-4.mol

Melting point 

−80 °C(lit.)

Boiling point 

52-54 °C(lit.)

density 

0.921 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)

vapor density 

2.5 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

15.16 psi ( 55 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.359(lit.)

FEMA 

2434 | ETHYL FORMATE

Fp 

7 °F

storage temp. 

Flammables area

solubility 

Miscible with alcohol, benzene, and ether (Hawley, 1981)

form 

Liquid

color 

Clear

Odor

Characteristic; pleasant aromatic.

Odor Threshold

2.7ppm

explosive limit

16%

Water Solubility 

11 g/100 mL (18 ºC)

Sensitive 

Moisture Sensitive

Merck 

14,3807

JECFA Number

26

BRN 

906769

Henry's Law Constant

0.097(x 10-3 atm?m3/mol) at 5.00 °C, 0.13 at 10.00 °C, 0.17 at 15.00 °C, 0.23 at 20.00 °C, 0.29 at 25.00 °C (column stripping-UV, Kutsuna et al., 2005)

Exposure limits

TLV-TWA 100 ppm (～300 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); IDLH 8000 ppm (NIOSH).

Stability:

Stable. Extremely flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point and wide explosive limits. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong acids, nitrates.

InChIKey

WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS DataBase Reference

109-94-4(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Formic acid, ethyl ester(109-94-4)

EPA Substance Registry System

Ethyl formate (109-94-4)

Hazard Codes 

F,Xn

Risk Statements 

11-20/22-36/37

Safety Statements 

9-16-24-26-33

RIDADR 

UN 1190 3/PG 2

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

LQ8400000

Autoignition Temperature

851 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

II

HS Code 

29151300

Hazardous Substances Data

109-94-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

LD50 orally in rats: 4.29 g/kg (Smyth)

Chemical Properties

Ethyl Formate occurs widely in fruits. It is a liquid with a slightly pungent, fruity, ethereal odor and is used in fruit flavors.

Chemical Properties

Ethyl formate has a characteristic, pungent odor similar to ethyl acetate and reminiscent of pineapple and a slightly bitter taste. It has been also reported to have a rum-like odor. The ester is slightly soluble in water (9 parts/100 at 18 °C) with gradual decomposition into formic acid and ethanol; it is miscible in ethanol, ether, and acetone (HSDB, 2013), as well as in benzene.

Physical properties

Colorless, clear liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor. An odor threshold concentration of 2.7 ppmv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

Uses

As flavor for lemonades and essences; for manufacture of artificial rum and arrack; also as a solvent for nitrocellulose; as fungicide and larvicide for tobacco, cereals, dried fruits, etc.; in organic synthesis.

Uses

Ethyl formate is used as a solvent; as aflavor for lemonades and essences; and as afungicide and larvicide for cereals, dry fruits,tobacco, and so on.

Definition

ChEBI: A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with ethanol.

Production Methods

Ethyl formate is manufactured via esterfication of formic acid and ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid and alternatively by distillation of ethyl acetate and formic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 17 ppm

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 60 ppm: sweet, chemical with clean, fresh, fruity lift.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Flash point -4°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Soluble in water. Slowly decomposed by water to formic acid, a corrosive material and ethyl alcohol, another flammable liquid.

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel long distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Agricultural Uses

Fumigant, Insecticide: Used as a fumigant, especially on dried fruit, Also used as a solvent for cellulose nitrate and acetate and in the production of synthetic flavors. Not currently registered for agricultural use in EU countries and the U.S. Used in Australia and there are 63 global suppliers.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Mddly toxic by skin contact and inhalation. A powerful inhalation irritant in humans. A skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Highly flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxilzers. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, spray, mist, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS.

Waste Disposal

Spray into a furnace in admixture with a flammable solvent

Preparation Products

2-Aminopyrimidine-5-carbonitrile-->4-Chloropyridine-3-carboxaldehyde-->4-METHOXY-3-BUTEN-2-ONE-->2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIMIDIN-4-AMINE-->METHYL 3-AMINO-6-METHYLTHIOPHENO[2,3-B]PYRIDINE-2-CARBOXYLATE-->7-Aminoisoquinoline-->6-Methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine-->5-Acetamidomethyl-4-Amino-2-Methyl pyrimidine-->2-AMINO-4-METHYLOXAZOLE-->5-BROMO-4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPYRIMIDINE-->Thiamine chloride-->AMITRAZ METABOLITE HYDROCHLORIDE-->Tropic acid-->4-CHLORO-2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIMIDINE-->Methyl 3-amino-4-phenylthiophene-2-carboxylate-->3-Cyano-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone-->N-Methylformamide-->3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE-->7-NITRO-3,4-DIHYDROISOQUINOLINE-->2-AMINO-PYRIMIDINE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER-->4,5,6-TRIAMINOPYRIMIDINE-->2-Chloro-6-methyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile-->1H-1,2,3-Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-amine-->Ninhydrin hydrate-->4-METHYLPYRIMIDIN-2-OL HYDROCHLORIDE-->1-(PHENYLSULFONYL)-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBALDEHYDE-->A-(HYDROXYMETHYL)BENZENACETIC ACID METHYL ESTER-->4-Hydroxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-->4-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidine-->1-Methyl-2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde-->5-N-PROPYLURACIL-->5-PROPYL-2-THIOURACIL-->4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPYRIMIDINE-->4,5-DIBROMOTHIOPHENE-2-CARBOXALDEHYDE-->7-Bromoisoquinoline-->4-CHLORO-1-ETHYL-3-METHYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER-->α-Dimethoxymethyl-methoxypropionitrile-->EPOSTANE-->alpha,alpha-Diphenyl-L-prolinol-->1,1-Diethoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene

Raw materials

Etanol-->Formic acid-->Calcium chloride-->Aluminium chloride hexahydrate